NET framework Comparison

NET framework Comparison

NET framework 2.0: 

It brings a lot of evolution in class of the framework and refactor control including the support of

• Generics
• Anonymous methods
• Partial class
• Nullable type
• The new API gives a fine grain control on the behavior of the runtime with regards to multithreading, memory allocation, assembly loading and more
• Full 64-bit support for both the x64 and the IA64 hardware platforms
• New personalization features for ASP.NET, such as support for themes, skins and webparts.Many additional and improved ASP.NET web controls.
• New data controls with declarative data binding.
• New personalization features for ASP.NET, such as support for themes, skins and webparts.

.NET framework 3.0: 

• Also called WinFX,includes a new set of managed code APIs that are an integral part of Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 operating systems and provides
• Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), formerly code-named Avalon; a new user interface subsystem and API based on XML and vector graphics, which will make use of 3D computer graphics hardware and Direct3D technologies.
• Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), formerly code-named Indigo; a service-oriented messaging system which allows programs to interoperate locally or remotely similar to web services.
• Windows Workflow Foundation (WWF) allows for building of task automation and integrated transactions using workflows.
• Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) allows for building of task automation and integrated transactions using workflows.
• Windows CardSpace, formerly called InfoCard; a software component which securely stores a person's digital identities and provides a unified interface for choosing the identity for a particular transaction, such as logging in to a website
• Windows CardSpace (WCS), formerly code-named InfoCard; a software component which securely stores a person's digital identities and provides a unified interface for choosing the identity for a particular transaction, such as logging in to a website.

.NET framework 3.0:

• Also called WinFX,includes a new set of managed code APIs that are an integral part of Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 operating systems and provides
• Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), formerly called Indigo; a service-oriented messaging system which allows programs to interoperate locally or remotely similar to web services.
• Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), formerly called Avalon; a new user interface subsystem and API based on XML and vector graphics, which uses 3D computer graphics hardware and Direct3D technologies.
• Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) allows for building of task automation and integrated transactions using workflows.
• Windows CardSpace, formerly called InfoCard; a software component which securely stores a person's digital identities and provides a unified interface for choosing the identity for a particular transaction, such as logging in to a website

.NET framework 3.5:
It implement Linq evolution in language. So we have the folowing evolution in class:

• Linq for SQL, XML, Dataset, Object
• Addin system
• p2p base class
• Active directory
• ASP.NET Ajax
• Anonymous types with static type inference
• Paging support for ADO.NET
• ADO.NET synchronization API to synchronize local caches and server side datastores
• Asynchronous network I/O API
• Support for HTTP pipelining and syndication feeds.
• New System.CodeDom namespace.

Sealed Class In C#

In C#, the sealed modifier is used to define a class as sealed. In Visual Basic .NET, NotInheritable keyword serves the purpose of sealed. If a class is derived from a sealed class, compiler throws an error.

Ex:

     // Sealed class

     sealed class clsSealedClass

    {   

    }

·   But if you try to use this class as a base class you will get error.

    

     // Error will generate

     sealed class clsMyClass: clsSealedClass

    {   

    }

·   This example demonstrate how to use the sealed class

    using System;

    class clsMyClass

    {

        static void Main()

        {

            clsSealedClass oclsSealedClass = new clsSealedClass ();

            int total = oclsSealedClass.Add(4, 5);

            Console.WriteLine("Total = " + total.ToString());

       }

    }

    // Sealed class

    sealed class clsSealedClass

    {

        public int Add(int x, int y)

        {

             return x + y;

         }

     }

Abstract Class In C#

·   Class cannot be instantiated but only used as based class.

·   But another class can inherit from an abstract class and can create their instances

·   we can implement methods, fields, and properties in the abstract class that can be used by the child class

·   Abstract class can't be static.

·   Abstract class is used for inheritance.

·   Abstract class can't be sealed.

·   Abstract or virtual members can't be private, as we can't override it.

·   Abstract class can be inherited from an abstract class but the methods in the base class have to be declared abstract.

·   Abstract method and properties do not have any functionality. The derived class defines their full functionality.

Ex:

namespace abstract_class

{

    class Program

    {

        public abstract class clsAbstract

        {

            public abstract int sum(int a, int b);

            public abstract int subt(int a, int b);

            public void Display()

            {

                Console.WriteLine("Abstract class");

            }

        }

         public class clsDerived : clsAbstract

        {

            // Method overriding

            public override int subt(int a, int b)

            {

                return (a - b);

            }

            // Method overriding

            public override int sum(int a, int b)

            {

                return (a + b);

            }

            public void Show()

            {

                Console.WriteLine("YY class method");

            }

        }

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            clsDerived  obj = new clsDerived  ();

            // here you can't create instance of a abstract class it is giving error

            // clsDerived  obj1 = new clsAbstract ();

            // clsAbstract obj2 = new clsAbstract ();

            // here we have used up level casting

            clsAbstract obj3 = new clsDerived  ();

                       

            // here you don't have access to the Show method of YY

            // Because you can only access methods of a reference object only

            //obj3.Show();

            Console.WriteLine("Calling sum method through reference of base class " + obj3.sum(2,2));

            obj.Display();

            Console.WriteLine("Subtraction : "+ obj.subt(12, 10));

            Console.WriteLine("Addition : " + obj.sum(10, 10));

            Console.ReadLine();

        }

    }

}

Interface In C#

• In C# we can define an Interface using Interface key word. Define

    //Difine an Interface

    interface MyInterface

    {

} 

• Interfaces can be consisting of methods, properties, events, indexers or any combination of those types.
• By default all the interface members are Public. So if we use any access modifiers it will prompt compile time error.
• Add Interface methods have only declarations, not method implementations.
• Class can be inherited by more than one Interface.
• Interface can be inherited from other interface as well.
• Interface not allows creating instances. 

    //Difine an Interface

    interface MyInterface

    {

        void MyMethods();

        void MyMethods2();

    }

    class clsMyClass : MyInterface

{

    //Can’t create Privet member

        public void MyMethods()

        {

            //Method Implementation

            Console.WriteLine("Implement Method MyMethods()");

        }

        public void MyMethods2()

        {

            //Method Implementation

            Console.WriteLine("Implement Method MyMethods2()");

        }

        public static void Main()

        {

            clsMyClass oclsMyClass = new clsMyClass();

            oclsMyClass.MyMethods();

            oclsMyClass.MyMethods2();

        }

    } 

• When inherit from an Interface need to provide the implementation for all methods. Unless a compile error will be generated.
• If the Class or struct is unable to provide the implementation for all methods, which are in the Interface have to be marked as Abstract.

//Difine an Interface

    interface MyInterface

    {

        void MyMethods();

        void MyMethods2();

    }

    class clsMyClass : MyInterface

    {

        public void MyMethods()

        {

            //Method Implementation

            Console.WriteLine("Implement Method MyMethods()");

        }

        //No Implementation

        abstract public void MyMethods2();

        public static void Main()

        {

            clsMyClass oclsMyClass = new clsMyClass();

            oclsMyClass.MyMethods();

            oclsMyClass.MyMethods2();

        }

    }